Ancient genomes from Iberia

Both papers are freely accessible.

A common genetic origin for early farmers from Mediterranean Cardial and Central European LBK cultures (pdf; supplementary material)

The spread of farming out of the Balkans and into the rest of Europe followed two distinct routes: an initial expansion represented by the Impressa and Cardial traditions, which followed the Northern Mediterranean coastline; and another expansion represented by the LBK tradition, which followed the Danube River into Central Europe. While genomic data now exist from samples representing the second migration, such data have yet to be successfully generated from the initial Mediterranean migration. To address this, we generated the complete genome of a 7,400 year-old Cardial individual (CB13) from Cova Bonica in Vallirana (Barcelona), as well as partial nuclear data from five others excavated from different sites in Spain and Portugal. CB13 clusters with all previously sequenced early European farmers and modern-day Sardinians. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that both Cardial and LBK peoples derived from a common ancient population located in or around the Balkan Peninsula. The Iberian Cardial genome also carries a discernible hunter-gatherer genetic signature that likely was not acquired by admixture with local Iberian foragers. Our results indicate that retrieving ancient genomes from similarly warm Mediterranean environments such as the Near East is technically feasible.

Ancient genomes link early farmers from Atapuerca in Spain to modern-day Basques (pdf; supplementary material)

The consequences of the Neolithic transition in Europe—one of the most important cultural changes in human prehistory—is a subject of great interest. However, its effect on prehistoric and modern-day people in Iberia, the westernmost frontier of the European continent, remains unresolved. We present, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide sequence data from eight human remains, dated to between 5,500 and 3,500 years before present, excavated in the El Portalón cave at Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. We show that these individuals emerged from the same ancestral gene pool as early farmers in other parts of Europe, suggesting that migration was the dominant mode of transferring farming practices throughout western Eurasia. In contrast to central and northern early European farmers, the Chalcolithic El Portalón individuals additionally mixed with local southwestern hunter–gatherers. The proportion of hunter–gatherer-related admixture into early farmers also increased over the course of two millennia. The Chalcolithic El Portalón individuals showed greatest genetic affinity to modern-day Basques, who have long been considered linguistic and genetic isolates linked to the Mesolithic whereas all other European early farmers show greater genetic similarity to modern-day Sardinians. These genetic links suggest that Basques and their language may be linked with the spread of agriculture during the Neolithic. Furthermore, all modern-day Iberian groups except the Basques display distinct admixture with Caucasus/Central Asian and North African groups, possibly related to historical migration events. The El Portalón genomes uncover important pieces of the demographic history of Iberia and Europe and reveal how prehistoric groups relate to modern-day people.

6 comments:

Anonymous said...

no suprise.

europeans are, from short swart Sicilians to tal fair Scots, are like brothers...

but like bothers they may be very different and hate one another.

the very silly "nordicists" have yet to 'splain why the Greeks and Romans and "sand niggers" (like the Persians, Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Phoenicians, etc.) were so far ahead of them >= 2400 years ago, the time of Aristoitle and Plato.

the germans and the proto-vikings were illiterate and practiced human sacrifice.

they were like the Aztecs to the conquistadors.

the short swart guidos brought them letters and civilization.

reminds me of my hero verwoerd (terre blanche is a hero too!):

http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=0bd_1184765135

Anonymous said...

europeans are, from short swart Sicilians to tall fair Scots, like brothers...

Anonymous said...

needless to say for the perhaps one other reader of n/a's blog:

n/a is a paradigmatic case of false consciousness.

he's been fooled by the jews and prostrates himself at the altar of jewish cock night and day un-knowingly.

it's so sad.

HEIL HITLER!

Anonymous said...

the Euros honestly colonized land.

the Jews dishonestly colonized...have colonized, inter alia, n/a's MIND.

which is more hateful and pernicious?

oo! oo! says horshack.

HEIL HITLER!

Anonymous said...

conservatardianism's foremost apologists are ALL jews.

Uncle Santoculto said...

Its funny because conserves think they are superior than other people but they are, on average, less evolved. To have real cognitive and moral evolution, i.e, real and asbsolute intelligence, they need to be sterilized.